¿Influye en exceso la música en los jóvenes?
La música es un instrumento dotado de un enorme poder de persuasión, capaz de influir muchos en las actitudes, los estados de ánimo, las emociones y los actos humanos. La posibilidad de transportar la música a cualquier parte y el uso de los auriculares de alta fidelidad permite a los jóvenes a vivir continuamente con música.
Se ha calculado que entre los 12 y los 17 años los adolescentes estadounidenses escuchan esta música durante 10.500 horas, un tiempo solo ligeramente inferior al transcurrido en el colegio. Al contrario que la televisión, – que a veces difunde programas culturales y está sujeta a cierto control por parte de los padres- , la música esta a disposición de los adolescentes sin interferencias y una canción puede oírse tantas veces como se quiera.
A medida que el adolescente adquiere independencia, puede encontrar en la música modelos alternativos respecto a los estilos de vida. Su identificación con un determinado estilo musical puede ser el signo de un cierto grado de rebelión contra la autoridad, o una vía de escape ante sus conflictos con los padres o también puede estimular sentimientos de distensión, relax y seguridad en situaciones y ambientes nuevos.
Los diversos tipos de música tienen aceptaciones variadas según la cultura y el sexo. La hay, que por su ritmo frenético y las contorsiones grotescas y agresivas de sus intérpretes, gusta especialmente a los chicos de raza blanca. De otro lado, las chicas suelen preferir un tipo de música más romántica y menos agresiva. En las conversaciones entre adolescentes, un tema habitual es la música, en la que estar “puesto” en la materia supone un signo de prestigio. El placer de compartir la misma música puede ser la base de nuevas amistades o grupos con ideales y gustos similares.
A veces, la elección musical del joven puede ser un signo de alienación. Por ejemplo, K. Roe sostiene que existe una relación entre rendimiento escolar y preferencias musicales. Según un estudio realizado entre chicos suecos de 11 a 15 años: los alumnos con buenas notas, comprendidos los pertenecientes a ambientes socioculturales desaventajados, prefieren un tipo de música más tradicional y se interesan menos por otros tipos, mientras que los que tienen un rendimiento escaso se identifican con música más agresiva y repetitiva, como antídoto contra los fracasos escolares.
Hay indicios, -aunque no estén confirmados siempre por las estadísticas-, de que los adolescentes que siguen la subcultura de alguno de estos estilos, corren mayor riesgo de ser toxicómanos o violentos.
Finalmente convendría que los médicos en general informaran a los padres sobre la potencial influencia negativa de la música y de los vídeos musicales sobre la opción de estilo de vida de sus hijos, animándoles a dialogar con sus ellos acerca del significado de la música en su vida
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